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Amasya Protocols
Kemal Atatürk gave us detailed information in “The Speeches”about “Amasya
Negotiations” and Protocols were carried out between the group of Mustafa
Kemal Pasha, Rauf and Bekir Sami Beys in the name of the Representative
Committee and the War Minister, Salih Pasha in the name of Istanbul
Government between the dates of 20th-22nd October 1919. As a result of these
negotiations, three explicit and signed protocols and two confidential and
unsigned protocols were concluded between both parties.
“First protocol included the demands of Salih Pasha. These demands included
the resolutions that the army would not be occupied with policy; and that
the movement of the Union and Progress would not be aroused; and that the
interventions that would humiliate the government would be abstained; and
that those who were arrested on the grounds of opposition to the
organisation, if any would be set free; and that the deported criminals
would be punished; and that he thoughts asserting that we had equitable
reasons for waging war would be kept confidential; and that the elections
would be carried out freely; and that the circumstances that would unbalance
the public order would be prevented; and that any article would not be
written in favour of or against the government, etc.
Second Protocol
Second Protocol was on 22 October 1919, and it is a record summary of long
discussions and negotiations.
In this negotiation, after the beginning which shows the sides’ mutual trust
on Sultanate and Caliphate, they started to negotiate the decisions which
had been taken in Sivas Congress on 11 September 1919:
1- Providing the compliance with the final decision of the National
Assembly, the borders that have been stipulated before shall be protected (the
principle of the integrity and indivisible union of the country was accepted
thereof).
It was determined necessary to prevent the disorder by pretending to give
independence to Kurds. It was seen that they wanted to create a country
between Anatolia and Arabia to diverse them. It was declared that it wasn’t
be accepted to give any of Anatolia. Aydýn is also indivisible union of
the country.
Trouble in Thrace was that it was thought that it was aimed to create an
ostensible independent government and create a colony, aiming to take the
east of Thrace to Midye- Enes line from us. But, it was thought suitable
not to quit Edirne and Meriç border in any situation even if it would be
thought to give them to an Islamic Government.
2- In the fourth item; Any privileges that can derange our political
sovereignty and social balance shall not be granted for the Non-Muslim
minorities. It was declared that this condition was compulsive to ensure our
independence and it would have been a threat to our independence to quit
this condition. This principle was agreed that it was the aim that we had to
be successful.
3- In the seventh item it was discussed how to compensate our
technical, industrial, and economical needs on condition that our
independence would be kept. If a country wants to invest money on our
country, it will cause them to have rights to check our treasury, so this
subject should be thought and districted by experts of this subject not to
be threat to our independence and then The National Assembly will determine
it.
4- The other decisions of Sivas Congress on 11 September 1919 were
thought suitable on condition that The National Assembly will accept them.
5- The Anatolian and Roumelian Council for Defence of Rights shall be
recognised by Istanbul Government.
In this decision, it was stated that after the National Assembly had the
rights of legislation and inspection with trust and freedom. What would
happen to the Council would be stated by the decision of the congress. It
was said that this congress was not on condition that it had to be out like
Erzurum and Sivas Congress.
Deputies who accepted the programme of the Council would be thought like
delegates who were explained in the regulations of the Council, and their
special meetings could be seen as a congress. It was said that after this
time, The Natiomnal Assembly had to work in Istanbul freely and confidently.
It was thought that how could it be ensured under these circumstances.
Because, Istanbul was in the enemies control, it was thoght that the
deputies couldn’t do their legislation work freely. It was thought suitable
to gather the National assembly out of Istanbul in Anatolia where Istanbul
government would show the place like Frenchs had done in Bordeaux in Seventy
War, and Germans had done in Weimar until the peace.
After the gathering of The National assembly, if the confidence and immunity
of it were clear, Representatives of the Council would be abrogated and the
working aims of their organization would be decided in a special meeting
like a congress.
Because, the Government ordered that the election of the deputies would be
in a free atmosphere, Representatives of the Council wouldn’t have effects
on the election.
Representatives of the Council would warn if they realize that some of the
deputies were harmful in the army and they were the members of Ittihat and
Terakki to not allow them to be elected. Third protocol was prepared to
explain how Representatives of the Council would do this job.
The first and the second protocols were the suggestions of Salih Pasha and
they weren’t put into practice. In addition to these protocols, there were
4th and 5th protocols which were secret and weren’t signed.
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